A geographic information system, or GIS is a combination of map-making and data base technology. A GIS stores, analyzes and manages location-linked data. In perhaps overly simplistic terms, a GIS is a spatial mash-up of data. A GIS uses mapping software along with remote sensing, surveying, aerial photography, and ground truth data.

A good GIS allows informative displays of geographic information that may relate to any type of information: medical, socio-economic, demographic, or any other type of information that can be put on a map. GPS navigation programs that people have in their cars or on their cell phones are a GIS application. There are now degree and certificate programs in GIS at many schools.

To become a GIS technician, you'll need to have the proper education, technical aptitude, and a good eye for detail. The first step is to obtain a four year degree in geography or cartography with an emphasis in GIS.

Fortunately, the commercial sector is experiencing a growing need for GIS experts. Private companies use GIS technology to create real estate maps, engineering maps, navigation systems, and other applications, including technician pharmacy data, or data used in medical jobs. GIS technician positions are still competitive, but they pay relatively well.

Entry level GIS technicians will usually make $12,000 to $15,000 per year. GIS technicians with one to four years experience will make $15,000 to $17,000 on average. Those with five to nine years of experience will make $15,000 to $20,000, and those with over a decade of experience can make up to $30,000 per year.

Geographical Information Systems can be used for applications that range far beyond the geographical sciences. For example, there are medical jobs within various government agencies that use geographical information systems to track potential epidemics. A medical assistant could use a GIS to depict the spread of flu through a school system to help officials determine if the schools should be closed.

A retailer could use a GIS to track the sales of various types of merchandise to make better buying decisions in the future. Or a real estate agency could track housing prices over a geographical area for a certain period of time. The potential applications for GIS technology are almost endless.

The U.S. military has a robust demand for GIS technology. Military forces use GIS for surveillance and for civil engineering projects. Other government agencies such as the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Environmental Protection Agency also employ GIS technicians for their various projects. These jobs generally have good potential for advancement and benefits like government pension programs.

If you go to work for the U.S. government, you could be required to get a security clearance, a process that can take several weeks. Until you receive your security clearance you will be restricted to working on non-classified aspects of the projects you're assigned to.

Because of the rapidly evolving nature of computer and imaging technology, being a successful GIS technician means keeping up with state of the art by continuing your education. This may be provided through your place of employment, or it may be something you pursue on your own.

The internet has made it easier for GIS professionals to communicate and contribute to the development of the profession. You are encouraged to participate in online networking opportunities. The GIS Certification Institute (GISCI) offers GIS professionals certification. The applicant for certification must demonstrate a level of expertise in the profession of GIS technology that meets GISCI's requirements.

Professional certification for GIS technicians was designed to establish the criteria a GIS technician needed to be considered as professionals. It was a way for allied professions to know that a GIS professional has demonstrated professional competence and integrity. It is also a way for the GIS community to ensure ethical behavior and to assist prospective employers in hiring GIS professionals.

Becoming a GIS technician requires education, specialized learning, and job or internship experience. A GIS technician will be employable across many sectors of the economy as the uses for Geographical Information Systems spread into new and uncharted applications. In the future, GIS users will include medical assistants, technician pharmacy, political campaign managers, and military strategists. Some GIS technicians may be able in the future to use their skills in fields as varied as the medical professions, social work, disaster recovery, or retail marketing.

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